Reading the report is one thing. Interpreting it is another matter entirely.
A physician-led library on molecular (NGS) cancer reports: from a patient's first look at the page to the disciplined reasoning behind a structured second opinion.
Every case is personally reviewed and signed off by Prof. Dr. İbrahim Yıldız, Medical Oncology specialist.
(the same calibration language used in the evidence badges of the IYGAS report)
Understanding Your Report
A plain-language starting point. What an NGS report says, and what a specific result means for you — written for patients and families.
How to Read Your NGS Report
A guided tour through the five most important sections of a 15–30 page report, and the questions to bring to your oncologist.
Biomarker Explainers
What a single result in your report means, gene by gene. Actionability depends on tumor type and treatment line; these pages show why.
Click any heading above to jump to that gene in the full guide.
A Deep Reading of the Report
For clinicians. The main page maps a comprehensive genomic profiling report; the linked pages explain every component that must be interpreted before it informs a decision.
How to Read an NGS Report
Beyond the highlighted "actionable" findings: clonality, evidence tier, co-alterations, and the test's limitations, read within the patient's context.
Understanding VAF
What variant allele frequency does and doesn't tell you: the clonal vs. subclonal distinction, purity effects, and when the number is misleading.
Tumor Purity and NGS Results
Why a low-purity sample suppresses VAF and can under-report real alterations, and how to read past it.
Germline and Somatic Variants
Inherited or acquired? A distinction that matters for the patient and family, one that tumor-only panels can blur.
Pathogenic, Likely Pathogenic, and VUS
Variant pathogenicity is not the same thing as actionability. What the classification means, and why a VUS is not dismissed.
Understanding TMB
What tumor mutational burden counts, the ≥10 mut/Mb threshold, and why it is a gradient rather than a switch.
Understanding MSI
Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency: an immunotherapy signal and a Lynch syndrome clue.
Understanding HRD
Homologous recombination deficiency, genomic scars, and what they mean for sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and platinum.
Understanding LOH
Loss of heterozygosity: the second hit, a component of HRD scars, and its role at the HLA locus.
Actionable and Non-Actionable Alterations
The honest middle category: a biomarker with no matched therapy is a finding to monitor, not a treatment to chase.
ctDNA in Clinical Practice
Reading tumor DNA from blood: shedding, VAF, the plasma-first approach, and reconciling liquid with tissue.
How We Reason
The framework that turns a report into a strategy: the same logic applied to every case, and how it becomes the output you receive.
From Mutation to Clinical Decision
The seven questions between an alteration and a defensible action, and the predictable points where the chain breaks.
How We Approach Complex Cases
A step-by-step framework applied to difficult cases: a driver mutation with no matched drug, conflicting tests, a borderline VAF.
Understanding the IYGAS Structured Report
How the report is organized: orientation, evidence, decision, counsel, and the calibration layer showing how solid each result is.
Why Experts Interpret the Same NGS Report Differently
Why two experienced clinicians can read the same report and reach different conclusions, and how a transparent, structured review makes the reasoning auditable.
The Molecular Tumor Board Process
A structured way of asking whether a genomic finding should change treatment; step by step from report to recommendation.
Evidence and Off-Label
The deepest point: grading evidence honestly, and evaluating off-label opportunities with discipline rather than optimism.
How We Evaluate Clinical Evidence
Study design, maturity, endpoint quality, effect size, and the single most decisive question: does the evidence match the tumor?
How We Evaluate Off-Label Opportunities
Off-label use is not a free pass. The questions an option must clear before it is presented, and what we will not do.
Mixed Reading
Patient explainers and clinician notes in a single feed: the academy's ideas in practice. Filter by topic or search titles.
Do you want your report read correctly?
NGS Advisory evaluates your existing NGS report against current guidelines, checks for gaps such as untested RNA fusions, and delivers a structured, calibrated second opinion.
Disclaimer: NGS Academy is educational. It is general information, not a diagnosis, treatment recommendation, or medical device. Whether a specific result applies to a specific patient is a decision for the treating oncologist. Drug names are kept at the class level; approval status and guidelines can change and should be reverified against primary sources.